FAMILAMENTOUS UNI- OR MULTINUCLEATE HYPHAE

FORM BASIDIOSPORES ON BASIDIA

A BASIDIUM IS A HYPHAL SWELLING THAT

BEARS SPORES ON PEGS

THE BASIDIA ARE HELD IN BASIDIOCARPS (MUSHROOMS, BRACKET FUNGI, PUFFBALLS, EARTHSTARS, BIRD’S NEST FUNGI)

RUSTS AND SMUTS DON’T FORM BASIDIOCARPS

1. UNINUCLEATE HYPHAE OF DIFFERENT MATING

STRAINS TOUCH AND A DIKARYOTIC HYPHAE

FORMS

2. A CLAMP CONNECTION FORMS BETWEEN THE

HYPHAE

3. THE NUCLEI DIVIDE AND A YOU END UP WITH

TWO OF EACH TYPE OF NUCLEI

4. A WALL DEVELOPS BETWEEN THE TWO SETS OF

NUCLEI

5. DIKARYOTIC HYPHAE GROW AND FORM A

COMPACT MYCELIUM THAT DEVELOPS INTO A

BASIDIOCARP

6. BASIDIA FORM ON GILLS

7. THE TWO NUCLEI IN THE TERMINAL HYPHAL

CELL FUSE TO FORM A DIPLOID ZYGOTE

8. ZYGOTE UNDERGOES MEIOSIS AND FOUR

HAPLOID NUCLEI MIGRATE TO PEGS

IN THE BASIDIA

9. PEGS SWELL UP TO FORM BASIDIOSPORES

FRAGMENTATION OF HYPHAE

PRODUCTION OF CONIDIA

BUDDING

SMUTS

RUST

ERGOTISM

1. MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNGUS AND PLANT

ROOTS

• ALMOST ALL PLANTS BENEFIT FROM

MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS

• MYCORRHIZA = FUNGUS-ROOT

• MUTUALISTIC SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP

FUNGUS GETS CARBON FROM PLANT

PLANT GETS PHOSPHORUS FROM MYCORRHIZAE

MYCORRHIZAE ARE OF TWO TYPES:

1. ENDOMYCORRHIZAE – HYPHAE PENETRATE THE

PLANT

a. INFECT 80% OF ALL VASCULAR PLANTS

b. MOSTLY ZYGOMYCETES

c. FORM VESICLES OR ARBUSCULES

2. ECTOMYCORRHIZAE – HYPHAE FORM A SHEATH OR

MANTLE AROUND THE ROOT

a. MOST ARE BASIDIOMYCETES

1. SOURCES OF:

a. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

b. ANTIBIOTICS

c. MEDICINES

d. vitamins

2. brewing and baking

3. USED IN PRODUCING CHEESES

4. PRODUCE GALLIC ACID USED IN,

a. photographic developer

b. dyes

c. INDELIBLE INK

5. USED TO MAKE:

a. plastics

b. TOOTHPASTE

c. SOAP

d. TOFU

PREDOMINATED IN THE LATE PERMIAN

FOSSIL RECORD SCARCE; SOME SPORES, ONE MUSHROOM IN AMBER