KIN SELECTION and SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

CHAPTER 12 in the 4th edition, Chapter 11 in the 3rd

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review questions

INTRODUCTION

1. Types of Social Interactions (Table 10.1)

   1. Cooperation or Mutualism

   2. Altruism

   3. Selfishness

   4. Spite

2. Is altruism a fatal flaw to evolutionary theory?

11.1 – KIN SELECTION AND THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISM

Inclusive Fitness

1. coefficient of relationship
   1. Figure 10.1: Path analysis with pedigrees.
2. Hamilton's rule
   1. an allele for altruistic behavior will spread if Br-C > 0
3. Inclusive Fitness
   1. Direct Fitness
   2. Indirect Fitness
4. kin selection
5. Kin Recognition (Box 10.2)
   1. MHC genotypes

Alarm Calling in Belding's Ground Squirrels

1. Social structure of ground squirrel colonies
2. Costs to individual callers
3. Figure 10.2: In ground squirrels, most alarm calling is done females.
4. Figure 10.3: Female ground squirrels are more likely to give alarm calls when close kin are nearby.
5. Figure 10.4: Closely related female ground squirrels are more likely to cooperate than distant kin.

White-fronted bee-eaters

1. Helping behavior in birds
2. Social structure of bee-eaters.
3. Figure 10.6: In bee-eaters, helpers assist close relatives.
4. Figure 10.7: Fitness gains to helpers.

11.2 EVOLUTION OF EUSOCIALITY

eusociality

1. Overlap in generations between parents and their offspring. 
2. Cooperative brood care. 
3. Specialized castes of nonreproductive individuals.

Haplodiploidy and Eusocial Hymenoptera

1. Males are haploid and develop from unfertilized eggs.
2. Females are diploid and develop from fertilized eggs.
3. female hymenopterans will be more closely related to their sisters than to their own progeny. (Figure 10.8)

Testing the Haplodiploidy Hypothesis

Does the Haplodiploidy Hypothesis Explain Eusociality

Using Phylogenies to Analyze Social Evolution

1. Figure 109.: A phylogeny of the hymenoptera.

Naked Mole-Rats

11.4 RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM

reciprocal altruism

1. individual behaves altruistically with the expectation that favor will be returned.
2. Conditions for this trait to evolve:
   1. Cheaters are punished.
   2. Groups are stable.
   3. Individuals have good memories

Blood Sharing in Vampire Bats

Human emotions