Fall 2001 - Exam 1 name ID#

1. A marsupial whose pouch opened posteriorly would most likely be
   1. Arboreal
   2. Scansorial
   3. Saltatorial
   4. Bipedal
   5. Fossorial
2. Which of the following is the major sense used by the platypus while feeding
   1. Sight
   2. Electroreception
   3. Olfaction
   4. Hearing
   5. Taste
3. Relative to placentals, marsupials have ____ gestation periods and ____ lactation periods
   1. Long, short
   2. Short, short
   3. Short, long
   4. Long, long
4. Which of the following terms describes traits present in two species that were inherited from a shared common ancestor
   1. Analogy
   2. Neoteny
   3. Parallelism
   4. Homology
   5. Convergence
5. Which of the following families has a representative that is a native of South Texas
   1. Ornithorhynchidae
   2. Dasyuridae
   3. Didelphidae
   4. Caenolestidae
   5. Microbiotheriidae
6. What is the only unambiguously nonprimitive character that is used to define the Metatheria
   1. Marsupial bones are present in males and females
   2. Presence of a cloaca
   3. Incisors primitively number 5/4
   4. Only the third premolar has a deciduous predecessor
   5. Females possess a marsupium
7. The Malaysian fruit bat Dyacopterus spadiceus is of interest because
   1. Females possess marsupial bones
   2. Only two bones are present in the middle ear
   3. It is the only bat with a baculum
   4. Males can lactate
   5. It lacks sebaceous glands
8. A placental mammal that is carnivorous will usually have
   1. Hypsodont teeth
   2. Carnassial teeth
   3. Tribosphenic teeth
   4. Selenodont teeth
   5. Brachyodont teeth
   6. A mammal that maintains the condition found in the direct ancestor to placental and marsupial mammals will have
   7. Hypsodont teeth
   8. Tribosphenic teeth
   9. Selenodont teeth
   10. Carnassial teeth
   11. Brachyodont teeth
9. A placental mammal that is a grazer will usually have
   1. Hypsodont teeth
   2. Selenodont teeth
   3. Carnassial teeth
   4. Tribosphenic teeth
   5. Brachyodont teeth
10. The tribosphenic tooth is distinguished from those of primitive mammals in having a
    1. Paracone and metacone
    2. Protoconid and metaconid
    3. Protocone and hypocone
    4. Paraconid and metaconid
    5. Protocone and talonid basin
11. Which of the following mammals have more than two replacement sets of teeth
    1. Elephantidae - elephants
    2. Delphinidae - dolphins
    3. Trichechidae - manatees
    4. Myrmecophagidae - South American anteaters
    5. None of the above, no mammal has more than two sets of teeth
12. Which of the following mammals are edentulous
    1. Trichechidae - manatees
    2. Orycteropodidae-aardvarks
    3. Delphinidae - dolphins
    4. Pteropodidae - Old World fruit bats
    5. Myrmecophagidae - South American anteaters
13. A sanguivore feeds primarily on
    1. Fruit
    2. Seeds
    3. Nectar
    4. Leaves
    5. Blood
14. The roots of the teeth of most mammals usually lack
    1. Dentine
    2. Cement
    3. Enamel
    4. Both enamel and dentine
    5. Both enamel and cement
15. The major function of syndactyly
    1. Grooming
    2. Swimming
    3. Hopping locomotion
    4. Burrowing
    5. Climbing
16.  (28 pts) Choose ANY 7 of the mammalian groups below  and complete the information in the table. If the taxon does not have an ecomorph from another zoogeographic region, note that it does not. I will accept common names for ecomorphs. EXTRA CREDIT–answer one or two more for an extra 4 or 8 points.
    
      Zoogeographic Region(s) (1 pt), Adaptation(s) of Taxon (2 pts), Ecomorph of (1 pt)
    

    Caenolestidae

    Dasyuridae

    Multituberculata

    Myrmecobiidae

    Notoryctidae

    Phalangeroidea

    Phascolarctidae

    Tachyglossidae

    Tarsipedidae

    Thylacynidae

     

17. Answer any 2 of the following. 5 points each
    1. Describe the anatomy of the female reproductive system of the Marsupialia. You may draw a diagram if you wish.
    2. Describe the anatomy of the male reproductive system of the Monotremata. You may draw a diagram if you wish.
    3. Why is the eutherian brain considered superior to the marsupial brain?
    4. Discuss long bone growth in mammals. Include a diagram.
18. ANSWER any THREE of the following. 10 points each. 30 points total.
    1. Describe the state of TOOTH SHAPE AND REPLACEMENT in a pelycosaur, a therapsid, and a mammal. Note the probable functional reason for the change.
    2. Describe the state of JAW ARTICULATION and MIDDLE EAR BONES in a pelycosaur, a therapsid, and a mammal. Note the probable functional reason for the change.
    3. What features of reproductive physiology enable placental mammals to be born at a more advanced stage than marsupials.
    4. What is the role of LOSS OF CERVICAL RIBS, SEBACEOUS GLANDS, and A FOUR CHAMBERED HEART in relation to endothermy.
    5. Briefly discuss the biogeographic reasons why the species of diversity of Australian marsupials is currently greater than that of South American marsupials.