Mammalogy _________________ ________

Fall 2002 - Exam 1 name ID#

ANSWER any 65 points of questions 1-7. I will only grade the first 65 points.

1. Describe and explain what each of the following mammalian structures is. Discuss what is the role of each in the development of endothermy. For each, note whether the characteristic first appeared in pelycosaurs, therapsids, mammals, or unknown.
   1. Muscular diaphragm (5 points)
   2. Diphyodonty (5 points)
   3. Secondary palate (5 points)
   4. Tribosphenic molar (5 points)
   5. Four chambered heart (5 points)
2. Describe and illustrate with a diagram the anatomy of the male reproductive system of the Monotremata. (5 points)
3. What is the major difference in the physical structure of the placenta of marsupial and placental mammals? What is the advantage of this difference to placentals? Why? What else is important for gestation in placentals? Why? (15 points)
4. Graph energy expenditure versus velocity in macropodids. What enables micropodids to be so efficient? (10 points)
5. List and briefly characterize four DIFFERENT ways (other than reproduction) that marsupials are inferior to placentals. (10 points)
6. What is embryonic diapause? Which family is characterized by it? Be specific about the sequence of EVENTS that occur during this process. What determines the timing of the different steps involved in the production of young? What is the reproductive advantage of this process over the reproductive sequence in most placentals. (15 points)
7. Describe and ILLUSTRATE the state of JAW ARTICULATION and MIDDLE EAR BONES in a pelycosaur, a therapsid, and a mammal. Note the probable functional reason for the change. (15 points)

(35 pts) Choose ANY 7 of the mammalian groups given on the answer sheet and complete the information in the table. If the taxon does not have an ecomorph from another zoogeographic region, note that it does not. I will accept common names for ecomorphs. Do not repeat any information from a previous answer.

EXTRA CREDIT–answer one or two more for an extra 5 or 10 points. If you answer all 10 I will deduct points.

Zoogeographic Region(s) (1 pt), Characteristics and Adaptation(s) of Taxon (3 pts), Ecomorph of (1 pt)