BIOLOGY 4429    Fall 1999 - Exam 3 name ID#

Multiple choice. Select the best answer. 2 points each.

  1. Which of the following characteristic is found in all Artiodactyla
  2. What family of non-ruminating artiodactyls is characterized by canines directed upward and outward
  3. What family of non-ruminating artiodactyls is characterized by upper canines directed downward
  4. Which family of whales is characterized by numerous throat grooves and short baleen plates
  5. The outer sheath of the horn is shed annually in the
  6. Which family of whales feeds on molluscs and other sediment dwellers
  7. This family is endemic to Africa
  8. These artiodactyls typically have sharp weapons that grow from the frontals only in males, and even the males shed them annually.
  9. Today this family occurs only in Africa, Asia, and South America
  10. This family is endemic to North America
  11. The most diverse family of artiodactyls.
  12. Elongate upper canines and musk glands occur in this family of ruminants
  13. Mammals exchange (both gain and lose) heat with the air by
  14. Which of the following has a stomach that ruminates
  15. The "rule" that body size increases with lattitude
  16. The body temperature in mammals is monitored and regulated by the
  17. Animals that can maintain a constant body temperature are best termed
  18. Whales are most closely related to members of the order

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

Regarding various forms of torpor (15 points total)

  1. What exactly characterizes hibernation.
  2. What characterizes the torpor of bears.
  3. Fully explain why bears can't hibernate.

Draw and label the circulation in a limb without a countercurrent system and with a limb with a countercurrent system. Accurately show on both diagrams how the temperature of the blood changes as it flows from the body to the digits and then back to the body. (5 points)

Define and state the significance to mammalogy (as discussed in the material for this test) of any 4 of the following. Where appropriate state what taxon (-a) the term is associated with and give examples as needed. (5 points each)

  1. antler
  2. cannon bone
  3. daily torpor
  4. four chambered stomach
  5. non-shivering thermogenesis
  6. ossicone
  7. skimmer
  8. telescoping

ANSWER ANY 3 of THE FOLLOWING (10 points each)

  1. Members of the order Cetacea have no insulative body hair, yet they occur in both warm and cold waters. Discuss how they are able to do this, including the problems and solutions as they relate to body size.
  2. Compare and contrast the Odontoceti and Mysticeti in terms of diagnostic characteristics, adaptations, diversity, distribution, etc.
  3. Why does an arctic fox from Alaska have a lower critical temperature than a kit fox from Arizona? Why does a lemming have a lower critical temperature than a weasel? In your answer include a discussion of thermal conductance, lower critical temperature, metabolic rate, and any other relevant factors.
  4. Discuss different trategies employed by ground squirrels, voles, polar bears, seals (phocids) and fur seals (otariids) have evolved to cope with the cold.
  5. Fully explain this graph. Include in your answer a discussion of mass specific metabolism, total metabolism, surface area to volume relationships, and the slope of the lines.