Mammalia

     =============== †Triconodonts 
     |
     |  ============ Monotremata 
     |  |
     |  |=========== †Multituberculata 
 --==|  |
     ===|     ====== Marsupialia 
        |     |
        ======|  
              ====== Eutheria 

The traditional view of relationships of the Orders of Eutheria.  
See below for a molecular classification

        =========================== Edentata 
     ===|
     |  =========================== Pholidota 
     |
     |           ================== Lagomorpha 
     |        ===|
     |  ======|  ================== Rodentia 
     |  |     |
     |  |     ===================== Macroscelidea 
     |  |
     |  |        ================== Primates 
     |  |     ===|
     |  |     |  ================== Scandentia 
     |  |=====|
     |  |     |  ================== Dermoptera 
     |  |     ===|
     |  |        ================== Chiroptera 
     |  |
     |  |========================== Insectivora 
     |  |
     |  |     ===================== †Creodonta 
--===|  |=====|
     |  |     ===================== Carnivora 
     ===|
        |     ===================== †Condylarthra 
        |     |
        |     |        ============ Artiodactyla 
        |     |  ======|
        |     |  |     ============ Cetacea 
        |     |  |
        |     |  |================= Tubulidentata 
        |     |  |
        |     |  |     ============ Perissodactyla 
        ======|  |     |
              ===|     |  ========= Hyracoidea 
                 |     |  |
                 |     |  |  ====== Proboscidea 
                 ======|  |  |
                       ===|  |===== †Embrythopoda 
                          ===|
                             |===== †Desmostylia 
                             |
                             ====== Sirenia 
† = extinct

A MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF THE EUTHERIA

The Atlantogenata is an ancient southern hemisphere radiation that includes the South American Xenarthra and the mainly African Afrotheria. Atlantogenata reflects the hypothesis that the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, which caused the break up of Gondwana, isolated one branch of this lineage in South America and another in Africa during the Cretaceous. 

The Order Cetartiodactyla is based on molecular evidence that hippopotamuses are more closely related to whales than they are to other artiodactyls.  Early cetacean fossils from Pakistan demonstrate that whales are artiodactyls.  Thewissen, J. G. M., E.M. Williams, L.J. Roe, and S.T. Hussain.  2001.  Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls, Nature 413:277-281.  Philip D. Gingerich, et al.  2001.  Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: Hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan, Science, 293: 2239-2242.

Infraclass Eutheria

Group I:  Atlantogenata

• Xenarthra
  • Order Cingulata (armadillos) mainly Neotropical.
  • Order Pilosa (sloths, anteaters) Neotropical.
• Afrotheria
  • Order Macroscelidea (elephant shrews) Africa.
  • Order Afrosoricida
    • Family Tenrecidae (tenrecs, otter-shrews) Madagascar, Africa.
    • Family Chrysochloridae (golden moles) Africa .
  • Order Tubulidentata (aardvark) Africa.
  • Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes, dassies) Africa, Arabia.
  • Order: Proboscidea (elephants) Africa, SE Asia.
  • Order: Sirenia
    • Family Dugongidae (dugong) East Africa, Red Sea, N Australia.
    • Family Trichechidae (manatees) tropical Atlantic coasts and adjacent rivers.

Group II  Euarchontoglires

• Superorder Euarchonta
• Order Scandentia (tree shrews) SE Asia.
• Order Primates (lemurs, bushbabies, monkeys, apes)
• Order Dermoptera (flying lemurs, colugos) SE Asia
• Superorder Glires
• Order Lagomorpha (pikas, rabbits, hares) Eurasia, Africa, Americas.
• Order Rodentia (rodents)

Group III: Laurasiatheria

• Superorder Eulipotyphla (Insectivora)
  • Order Soricomorpha
    • Family Soricidae (shrews) Eurasia, Africa, N. America to northern South America.
    • Family Talpidae (moles, shrew-moles, desmans) Eurasia, North America.
    • Family Solenodontidae (solenodons) Cuba, Hispaniola.
  • Order Erinaceomorpha
    • Family Erinaceidae (hedgehogs, moonrats) Eurasia, Africa.
• Order Chiroptera (bats)
• Order Pholidota (pangolins, scaly anteaters) Africa, S. Asia.
• Order Carnivora (carnivorans)
• Order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
  • Family Equidae (horses, zebras, donkeys) Africa, W and C Asia.
  • Family Tapiridae (tapirs) Central and South America, SE Asia.
  • Family Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses) Africa, SE Asia.
• Superorder Cetartiodactyla
  • including the previous orders Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates, including pigs, hippopotamus, camels, giraffe, deer, antelope, cattle, sheep, goats).

 CLASSIFICATION OF THE MAMMALS

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Class MAMMALIA

 

Infraclass ORNITHODELPHIA

Order MONOTREMATA

Tachyglossidae (2,4) Echidnas

Ornithorhynchidae (1, 1) Duck-billed platypus

 

Infraclass METATHERIA

Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA

Didelphidae (17, 87) New World Opossums

Order PAUCITUBERCULATA

Caenolestidae (3, 6) Shrew or rat opossums

Order MICROBIOTHERIA

Microbiotheriidae (1, 1) Monito del monte

Order DASYUROMORPHIA

Dasyuridae 20, 69) Marsupial mice, native 'cats', Tasmanian devil

Myrmecobiidae (1, 1) Numbat

Thylacinidae (1,1) Tasmanian 'wolf' or 'tiger' [extinct]

Order NOTORYCTEMORPHIA

Notoryctidae (1, 2) Marsupial moles

SYNDACTYLA

Order PERAMELEMORPHIA

Peramelidae (6, 19) Bandicoots and echymiperas

Thylacomyidae (1, 2) Bilbies

Order DIPROTODONTIA

Phascolarctidae (1, 1) Koala

Vombatidae (2, 3) Wombats

Phalangeridae (6, 27)

Cuscuses, brushtail possums

Potoroidae (4, 7)Potoroos, bettongs

Macropodidae (11, 65) Kangaroos, wallabies, pademelons

Hypsiprymnodontidae (1, 1) Musky rat kangaroos

Acrobatidae (2, 2) Feathertail glider, possum

Burramyidae (2, 5) Pygmy possums

Pseudocheiridae (6, 17) Ringtail possums

Petauridae (3, 15) Striped possums, wrist-ringed gliders

Tarsipedidae (1, 1) Honey possum

 

Infraclass EUTHERIA

AFROTHERIA

Order AFROSORICIDA

Tenrecidae (10, 30) Tenrecs

Chrysochloridae (9, 21) Golden moles

XENARTHRA (now divided in two orders)

Order CINGULATA

Dasypodidae (9, 21) Armadillos

Order PILOSA

Bradypodidae (1, 4) Three-toed sloths

Megalonychidae (1, 2) Two-toed sloths

Myrmecophagidae (2, 3) True anteaters

Cyclopedidae (1,1) Silky anteater

 

Order SCANDENTIA

Tupaiidae (4, 19) Tree shrews

Ptilocercidae (1, 1) Tree shrew

 

Order DERMOPTERA

Cynocephalidae (1, 2) Colugos

 

Order PRIMATES

Strepsirhini

Cheirogaleidae (5, 21) Dwarf and mouse lemurs

Lemuridae (5, 19) Lemurs

Lepilemuridae (1, 8)

Sportive lemurs

Indridae (3, 11) Indrid lemurs, sifakas

Daubentoniidae (1, 1) Aye-aye

Lorisidae (5, 9) Lorises, potto

Galagidae (3, 19) Bushbabies, galagos

Haplorhini

Tarsiidae (1, 7) Tarsiers

Cebidae (11, 56) Marmosets and capuchins

Aotidae (1, 8) Night monkeys

Pitheciidae (4, 40)

Atelidae (5, 24) Howler monkeys

Cercopithecidae (21, 132) Old World monkeys

Hylobatidae (4, 14) Gibbons, siamang

Hominidae(4, 7) Gorilla, chimpanzees, orangutan, humans

 

Order PHOLIDOTA

Manidae (1, 8) Pangolins

 

INSECTIVORA (now divided into two orders, plus the Afrosoricida)

Order ERINACEOMORPHA

Erinaceidae (10, 24) Hedgehogs, gymnures

Order SORICOMORPHA

Solenodontidae (1, 2)Solenodons

Nesophontidae (1, 8) Nesophontids (extinct)

Soricidae (26, 376) Shrews

Talpidae (17, 39) Moles and desmans