LABORATORY 1 - SKULL and SKELETON

1. the bones of the axial skeleton including
2. the major bones of the skull
3. the bones of the appendicular skeleton
4. the various types of vertebrae and the components of a typical vertebra.
5. various features of bone

1. The Skull
   1. Nasal
   2. Frontal
   3. Parietal
   4. Occipital
      1. Occipital Condyle
      2. Foramen magnum
   5. Lacrimal
   6. Squamosal
   7. Jugal
   8. Premaxilla
   9. Maxilla
      1. Infraorbital foramen
   10. Palatine
   11. Pterygoid
   12. Auditory Bulla
   13. Alisphenoid
   14. Orbitosphenoid
   15. Dentary
   16. Hyoid Apparatus
2. The Vertebral Column
   1. Vertebrae
      1. 7 Cervical
         1. Atlas
         2. Axis
      2. 12 Thoracic
      3. 5 Lumbar
      4. Sacrum
      5. Caudal
   2. Vertebral parts
      1. Centrum
      2. vertebral arch and canal
      3. Neural spine
      4. Transverse process
      5. Prezygapothesis
      6. Postzygapothesis
3. Thoracic cage
   1. Ribs
   2. Sternum
4. The Appendicular Skeleton
   1. The Pectoral Girdle
      1. Clavicle
      2. Scapula
      3. monotremes possess precoracoids, coracoids, and interclavicle
   2. Forelimb
      1. humerus
      2. radius
      3. ulna
      4. carpal bones
      5. metacarpals
      6. Cannon bone in artiodactyls and perissodactyls
      7. phalanges (singular = phalanx)
   3. The Pelvic Girdle
      1. ilium
      2. ischium
      3. Pubis
      4. epipubic bones in monotremes and marsupials
      5. baculum in most placentals
   4. Hindlimb
      1. femur
      2. patella
      3. tibia
      4. fibula
      5. tarsals
         1. Astragalus
         2. Calcaneum
      6. metatarsals
         1. Cannon bone in artiodactyls and perissodactyls
      7. phalanges (singular = phalanx)

FEATURES OF BONES

1. Haversian system
2. Spongy bone
3. Compact bone
4. Epiphysis
5. Diaphysis (shaft)

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