Vertebrate Zoology  Fall 1999 - Exam 3

Multiple choice. Select the best answer. 2 points each.

1. An order of wormlike burrowers.
   1. Caudata
   2. Anura
   3. Gymnophiona
   4. Urodela
   5. Temnospondyli
2. Members of this order have caudal vertebrae fused into a urostyle.
   1. Caudata
   2. Anura
   3. Temnospondyli
   4. Gymnophiona
   5. Urodela
3. True toads belong to the family
   1. Hylidae
   2. Dendrobatidae
   3. Pelobatidae
   4. Ranidae
   5. Bufonidae
4. The most abundant and successful of the frogs belong to the family
   1. Hylidae
   2. Dendrobatidae
   3. Pelobatidae
   4. Ranidae
   5. Bufonidae
5. The skin of amphibians is
   1. highly glandular
   2. thick and dry
   3. covered with fine hair
   4. covered with fine scales
   5. impermeable to water
6. Toads generally differ from frogs in that
   1. toads have longer hind legs
   2. toads have longer front legs
   3. toads have thick, warty skin
   4. toads have slim bodies
   5. toads have a tail
7. Amplexus refers to
   1. a method of mating among frogs
   2. the nervous system of frogs
   3. a neotenic toad
   4. the larval stges of toads
   5. cutaneous respiration in frogs
8. The major synapomorphy that distinguishes reptiles, birds, and mammals from other tetrapods is ______.
   1. urea as a nitrogenous waste
   2. amniotic eggs
   3. epidermal scales
   4. anapsid skull
   5. endothermy
9. Which of the following serves as a strorage sac for nitrogenous waste
   1. keratin
   2. chorion
   3. amnion
   4. allantois
   5. yolk sac
10. The viscera are used to fill and empty the lungs in
    1. frogs
    2. crocodilians
    3. snakes
    4. amphisbaenians
    5. turtles
11. The dorsal portion of the shell of a turtle is the
    1. plastron
    2. carapace
    3. fenestra
    4. sternum
    5. diaphysis
12. Which of the following had a wing membrane supported by the fourth hand digit
    1. theropods
    2. sauropods
    3. pterosaurs
    4. plesiosaurs
    5. ichthyosaurs
13. Which of the following were marine and were dolphinlike in body form
    1. theropods
    2. sauropods
    3. pterosaurs
    4. plesiosaurs
    5. ichthyosaurs
14. Which of the following included large and small, bipedal predators
    1. theropods
    2. pterosaurs
    3. sauropods
    4. plesiosaurs
    5. ichthyosaurs
15. Which lepidosaurs have an upper median tooth that fits between the two front teeth of the lower jaw
    1. sphenodontans
    2. serpentes
    3. saurians
    4. amphisbaenians
    5. lacertilians
16. Spurs representing vestigial hind limbs are visible in the
    1. Colubridae
    2. Boidae
    3. Leptotyphlopidae
    4. Elapidae
    5. Viperidae
17. Rear fanged poisonous snakes are found in this family
    1. Colubridae
    2. Boidae
    3. Leptotyphlopidae
    4. Elapidae
    5. Viperidae
18. The most diverse family of snakes is the
    1. Colubridae
    2. Boidae
    3. Leptotyphlopidae
    4. Elapidae
    5. Viperidae
19. This family is probably ancestral to snakes
    1. Iguanidae
    2. Agamidae
    3. Varanidae
    4. Gekkonidae
    5. Heliodermatidae
20. This family contains the only venomous lizards
    1. Iguanidae
    2. Agamidae
    3. Varanidae
    4. Gekkonidae
    5. Heliodermatidae
21. This family includes the largest of all living lizards
    1. Iguanidae
    2. Agamidae
    3. Varanidae
    4. Gekkonidae
    5. Heliodermatidae
22. The lizards in this family have adhesive toe pads
    1. Iguanidae
    2. Agamidae
    3. Varanidae
    4. Gekkonidae
    5. Heliodermatidae
23. The tuatara Sphenodon
    1. is found on islands off the coast of Africa
    2. gives birth to live young
    3. has no teeth on its jaw
    4. is snakelike in many of its features
    5. has a well-developed pineal eye
24. Which of the following has a four chambered heart
    1. amphisbaenans
    2. lacertilians
    3. testudinians
    4. crocodilians
    5. none of the above
25. Of the following reptiles, birds are most closely related to
    1. therapsids
    2. crocodilians
    3. lizards
    4. tuataras
    5. amphibaenans
26. Jacobsons' organs are associated with the detection of
    1. heat
    2. sound
    3. light
    4. pressure
    5. odors

ANSWER ANY 3 of THE FOLLOWING (10 points each)

1. Discuss and illustrate the changes that took place in the evolution of the skull and jaw from forms like Sphenodon to lizards to snakes.
2. Describe five different modes of reproduction found in frogs.
3. Discuss reproduction in turtles, alligators, lizards, and snakes taking care to note any particulary interesting features in each.
4. Characterize the Cryptodira and its four superfamilies of and give examples of each.
5. Describe and illustrate the four principal modes of locomotion in snakes.

Define and state the significance to vertebrate zoology of any 4 of the following. Where appropriate state what taxon (-a) the term is associated with and give examples as needed. (5 points each)

1. autonomy
2. determinate growth
3. diapsid
4. hemipenes
5. intercardiac shunt
6. neurotoxic
7. Rheomys leukops
8. secondary palate