Answer any SIX of the following (15 points each, 90 points total). These are 15 point questions. I am expecting a lot of information.

1. Diagnose, characterize, and discuss the morphology, ecology, conservation status, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of Sphenodon. 
2. Give examples and discuss any specific adaptations of carnivorous, insectivorous, herbivorous, aquatic, poisonous, lizards. Add three additional examples of lizards with unique habits, ecology, and/or morphology. 
3. Discuss how prey are captured in colubrids, elapids, and viperids. Include a discussion of specializations and modifications of the skull, dentition, and salivary glands, as appropriate. 
4. Define ectothermy and endothermy. What are the costs, benefits, and consequences of ectothermy in reptiles? Describe and discuss the major advantages of ectothermy compared to endothermy. 
5. How is body temperature regulated by behavioral and physiological mechanisms in lizards? What are the heat sources and heat sinks? 
6. List and diagnose the families of modern crocodilians and describe the general distribution and habits of each. 
7. Discuss the most important changes that occurred in the evolution from dinosaur to Achaeopterix to modern bird. 
8. Describe and illustrate how air circulates through a bird's lungs and air sacs as it inhales and exhales and summarize the features that make bird respiration so very efficient. 

DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, DISCUSS, and ILLUSTRATE (if appropriate) any FOUR of the following. Which taxon(a) does each term apply to? If appropriate include a discussion of how the features function for different locomotor, feeding, reproductive, and/or other life history strategies.(5 points each, 20 points total). 

1. amphisbaenan 
2. concertina movement 
3. Dynamic soaring wings 
4. Elliptical wings 
5. intercardiac shunt 
6. monogamy in birds 
7. parthenogenesis in lizards 
8. Ratite